Just a few days after Russia's president signed a law at the beginning of November withdrawing from the international treaty to stop nuclear tests, the Russian navy demonstrated its nuclear deterrent potential: a nuclear-capable Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile was fired from the newly commissioned nuclear submarine Imperator Alexander III over a distance of 5,600 kilometres into a target area on the Kamchatka peninsula in the White Sea. The first test of this weapon system in over a year may be regarded as the final proof of function for the Borei-class submarines, but it was celebrated in the official state narrative as an indication of the functionality of the core element of the Russian nuclear strategy.
Even if the Russian Navy's surface units are not in a good position at the moment following the setbacks in the Black Sea fleet, Russia is pushing ahead with the renewal of its underwater capacities all the more vigorously. The current fleet now has three nuclear-powered Borei-class submarines, a fourth is in the test phase and three more are under construction. They are each equipped with 16 Bulava missiles (SS-NX-30, six nuclear-tipped, 12 metres long, 8000 km range) and modern torpedo systems.
Russia justified its withdrawal from the nuclear test treaty by arguing that it should have the same options as the other major nuclear power. Unlike Russia, the USA has never ratified the treaty. However, the United States, like all other countries except North Korea, has complied with the test ban since the 1990s. After the test firing, however, the Russian Foreign Ministry declared that Russia would continue to refrain from testing nuclear weapons. Obviously, Moscow just wanted to point out that it could do otherwise.
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Moin,
I don't know who counts how here.
To my knowledge, three strategic nuclear submarines of project 955 (cipher "Borey") have now been built and are also in service with the Russian naval fleet. These submarines were completed using existing sections of other nuclear submarines (above all the project 971 cipher "Shchuka-B", NATO designation: "Akula" class).
Here are the details of this project:
Name (transcribed) Name (Cyrillic) Keel laying Launching Commissioning Place of deployment
K-535 "Yuriy Dolgorukiy" K-535 "Юрий Долгорукий" 02.11.1996 12.02.2008 29.12.2012 Northern Fleet
K-550 "Aleksandr Nevskiy" K-550 "Александр Невский" 19/03/2004 01/12/2010 23/12/2013 Pacific Fleet
K-551 "Vladimir Monomakh" K-551 "Владимир Мономах" 19.03.2006 30.12.2012 10.12.2014 Northern Fleet
Construction then moved on to project 955A (cipher "Borey-A"), which was built from scratch without utilising sections that had already been produced. Four units of this class are now in service with the Russian fleet and a further three strategic nuclear submarines are under construction.
Here are the details of the project
Name (transcribed) Name (Cyrillic) Keel laying Launching Commissioning Place of deployment
K-549 "Knyaz' Vladimir" K-549 "Князь Владимир" 30.07.2012 17.11.2017 28.05.2021 Northern Fleet
K-550 "Knyaz'Oleg" K-550 "Князь Олег" 27.07.2014 16.07.2020 21.12.2021 Pacific Fleet
K-551 "Generalissimus Suvorov" K-551 "Генералиссимус Суворов" 26.12.2014 25.12.2021 26.12.2022 Pacific Fleet
K-554 "Imperator Aleksandr III" K-554 "Император Александр III" 18.12.2015 29.12.2022 11.12.2023 Pacific Fleet (not yet transferred)
K-... "Knyaz' Pozharskiy" K-... "Князь Пожарский" 23.12.2016 . . still under construction
K-... "Dmitriy Donskoy" K-... "Дмитрий Донской" 23.08.2021 . . still under construction
K-... "Knyaz' Potemkin" K-... "Князь Потёмкин" 23.08.2021 . . still under construction
This means that there are a total of seven (and not three, as stated in the article above) strategic nuclear submarines of the 955/955-A projects in service with the Russian naval fleet.