In July 2016, the renowned "Center for Strategic International Studies" (CSIS) in Washington D.C., founded by Admiral Arleigh Burke, published the study "Undersea Warfare in Northern Europe". Downloading and reading the almost 50-page work is well worth the time. In the acknowledgements, the attentive reader learns that "experts from Finland, Poland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States" and their respective national institutes contributed significantly to the results. A final thank you is dedicated to the sponsor of the study, "Saab North America", and the authors express their deep appreciation for Saab's respect for [the team's] intellectual independence. This blog entry is not intended to be a review of the study, but rather to highlight some aspects of relevance to Germany's undersea warfare capability and place them in the context of today's German Navy. Any shortcomings in knowledge - if they are recognisable - are due to the distance of the retired author. A translation of the "Executive Summary" gives the hurried reader the gist of the work: "Russia is expanding its underwater operations as part of a broader strategy of coercion against its neighbours, NATO and the United States. Russia has a long history of expanding its maritime capabilities for strategic signalling purposes, including the use of targeted provocations. Suspected intrusions into territorial waters in the Baltic Sea and provocative operations in the North Atlantic have caused alarm among NATO and partner nations, especially as they have made it clear that Russia is in...